Stability and darkening:

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a naturally occurring mineral that is mined from the earth, processed and refined, and added to a variety of foods, as well as other consumer products. White in color, it is used to enhance the color and sheen of certain foods and is also key for food safety applications. In its natural state it exists in different bulk crystalline forms, such as anatase and rutile, but during processing it is ground into a very fine powder.

The realization of neuromorphic resistive memory in TiO₂ thin films (Strukov et al., 2008) marked an important milestone in the search for bio-inspired technologies (Chua and Kang, 1976). Many research proposals urged a focus on memristivity as the common feature of two electrical models: (i) electromigration of point defects in titanium oxide systems (Baiatu et al., 1990; Jameson et al., 2007) and (ii) voltage-gated ionic channels in the membranes of biological neurons (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952). In this regard, memristors functionally mimic the synaptic plasticity of biological neurons, and thus can be implemented in artificial and hybrid neural networks. This includes a new paradigm of future computing systems (Zidan, 2018) and biocompatible electronics such as biointerfaces and biohybrid systems (Chiolerio et al., 2017).

Lithopone is an inorganic white pigment, obtained from co-precipitation of Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and Barium sulfate (BaSO4). As a white pigment, it acts as a cost-effective alternative for TiO2. Some of the properties of Lithopone include high brightness and performance under UV exposure. Lithopone requires less wetting agent to achieve optimum wetting of its surface. It is commercially graded on the basis of amount of ZnS. Its grades include 28%, 30%, and 60% ZnS. As a comparatively inexpensive white pigment, Lithopone is presently used in various paint formulations, road marking paints, jointing compounds, and putties.

Although cosmetics are not meant for consumption, there are concerns that titanium dioxide in lipstick and toothpaste may be swallowed or absorbed through the skin.

Les pouvoirs couvrant et éclaircissant du lithopone normal sont supérieurs à ceux de la céruse et de l'oxyde de zinc, mais inférieurs au Dioxyde de Titane pur, étant le meilleur blanc sous tout rapport. C'est le sulfure de zinc qui, avec son indice de réfraction de 2,37, est l’élément opaque ; le 2nd composé, le sulfate de baryum, joue un rôle de diluant minéral et favorise l'efficacité de la diffusion du premier.

The CaCO3 and TiO2 factory plays a crucial role in producing these materials on a large scale to meet the growing demand from various industries. The factory utilizes advanced technology and processes to extract and refine CaCO3 and TiO2 from natural resources such as limestone and mineral sands. The production process involves crushing, grinding, and chemical treatment to obtain the desired properties of CaCO3 and TiO2.

Cosmetics